Russian authorities have committed war crimes by deliberately attacking civilian objects. Systematic strikes on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure also constitute crimes against humanity in the form of other inhumane acts. This is stated in the report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, presented to the United Nations General Assembly.

The Commission examined the impact of Russian attacks on civilians during the winter of 2025–2026, as well as the cumulative effects of strikes since autumn 2022. As part of its investigation, the Commission interviewed 255 Ukrainians who had endured the winter under Russian attacks in nine regions of Ukraine. It also reviewed information provided by Ukrainian authorities, healthcare professionals and non-governmental organisations.

The report states that Russian commanders were aware of the vital importance of heating infrastructure for civilians, particularly during winter in large population centres.

“The evidence collected indicates that the Russian authorities deliberately carried out waves of attacks against Ukraine’s energy infrastructure as part of a state policy aimed at depriving civilians of essential energy resources and inflicting suffering on them,” the report states.

The Commission also notes that Russian attacks on Ukraine’s energy infrastructure are intensifying as the new winter season begins. It stresses that international law prohibits attacks on civilians and civilian objects and calls on Russia to cease such attacks.